Similarities Between the Great Depression and the Great...

The housing crisis in America is a major problem plaguing the United States economy. Before a solution is formulated, one must consider the history of the market and the causes of the problem. And after a solution is formulated, one must present an idea for prevention of the problem for the future. Many people see similarities between The Great Depression in the late 1920s to the late 1930s. The Great Depression was caused by the Stock Market Crash of 1929. Leading up to the crash was The Roaring Twenties. It was right after World War I. The United States economy was stimulated by producing things for the war. People seemed to have a lot of money. There were many new technologies and new infrastructure. There was a new concept of†¦show more content†¦There are millions of houses and few people buying houses. The cost of houses plummeted. I suppose there are quite a few similarities between the two. People were buying things on credit or loan they could not pay back. Laws wer e made both to help and prevent the situation. The housing market is not the only part of the economy that has suffered. Many states had already been suffering from the recession, revenue is even lower because of fewer purchases of houses. The labor market and industry have been suppressed as well. To find a solution, we need to look at what we want to accomplish. We want more commerce within the housing market and fewer illegitimate mortgages. When we go back to the idea of supply and demand, we are faced with two options to increase commerce. We can either have fewer houses, or we can make people want houses more. Since destroying existing houses is foolish, we assume we need to increase demand for houses. To have fewer illegitimate mortgages, banks will have to give loans to people only if they can repay them, and people will have to pay off the loans. There are many ideas floating around about how to jump-start the market. Some people think we should look at the assets to determ ine what each house is worth. Then we should base mortgages on what each house is worth. Others think mortgages should be restructured to be affordable for the buyer. Still others think banks should merely loan money toShow MoreRelatedEconomics...In Real Life1567 Words   |  7 Pagesluxury and economic stability in the United States, that is, until the day the stock market crashed and the country was plummeted in to a time of misery and uncertainty called the Great Depression. The ten year span from 1929 until 1939 is one of the worst episodes the United States has ever experienced; it held a great shortage in the money supply, massive unemployment, and despair and doubt for all of the people who lived through it. Frederick Lewis Allen’s book Since Yesterday: the 1930s in AmericaRead MoreThe Great Depression of the 20th century and the Great Recession of the 21st century were both600 Words   |  3 Pages The Great Depression of the 20th century and the Great Recession of the 21st century were both important economic crises in U.S. history. The Great Depression began in 1929, during the presidencies of Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt. The Great Recession of 2008 took place at the end of President George W. Bush’s presidency and at the beginning of President Obama’s presidency. The Great Depression was a long-term decline in economic activity, and the Great Recession was a business contractionRead MoreThe Great Depression in Cinderella Man Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression is seen as one of the most sorrowful and desolate times in the history of the United States. This time was the longest period of recession ever seen by this nation so far. It lasted from 1929 to 1939, over ten years of complete confusion and despondency within the people. Many Americans were affected greatly by this tragic time and sacrificed much of their lives so that they and their families may have the chance to live. This act of despera tion can be seen throughout the movieRead MoreHow The Great Depression Affects The World Economy1215 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This paper will be discussing the Great Depression; it will analyze the causes and the events that led to this depression, focusing on the role of Keynesian economics during that time. This article will briefly compare the 1920 downturn with the great recession and discuss the possibility of another depression affecting the world economy. The Great Depression The Great Depression was described as the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the industrialized worldRead MoreThe Great Recession Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pageshistory are doomed to repeat it. This quote applies to the Great Depression of 1929 and the Great Recession of 2008. There are many similarities between the two, like the causes, the actual events, and the aftermaths. Several factors led to the Great Depression, which were the following: overproduction by business and agriculture, unequal distribution of wealth, Americans buying less, and finally, the stock market crash of 1929. The Great Recession also had similar factors leading to it, like the housingRead MoreGreat Depression And The Great Recession864 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Great Depression† and the â€Å"Great Recession† are two of the darkest times in American history. There is much debate about the cause of the Great Depression and how it differed from the cause of t he Great Recession. Many people believe that the stock market crash of 1929 played a major role the Great Depression. On the other hand, the stock market crash of 2008 drove America into the Great Recession. The causes of stock market crashes are often unforeseen, but many have detectable indicators.Read MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930 S1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthe great depression of the 1930’s and the great recession in the United State of America. First, I’ll make a general overview of each of these two different periods and then focus on certain specific aspects during these different times. This will include the causes to the economic recessions witnessed, impacts of the economic recessions and the solutions that were introduced. When talking about any topic regarding American history, it would be hard not to mention the 1930’s great depression. AuthorsRead MoreThe Success Of The Great Recession1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Recession which lasted from 2008 to 2010 is often regarded as the greatest economic crisis since the Great Depression which took place during the 1930s. The causes of both crises can be said to be similar as both lie in the actions of the federal government. While the crash of the stock market in 1929 is said to be one of the major causes and sometimes even the main cause of the Great Depression, there are also other circumstances that led to this economic crisis. Bank failures during theRead MoreCapitalism And The Great Depression1725 Words   |  7 Pagesbeginning of the Great Depression, memories of high unemployment rates and sluggish economic growth during the Depression-era had mostly been erased by a long period of relative prosperity. The recession of the late 2000s served as a reminder of the danger that capitalism can pose to society. The Marxian critique of capitalism provides a framework for analyzing the pitfalls and conditions of existence of capitalism that led to the Great Depression of the 20th century and the recession of the 21st centuryRead MoreThe Great Depression and the Great Recession2123 Words   |  9 Pages Economic depression is a state of the economy resulting from an extended period of negative economic activity as measured by GDP .The great economic depression of the US from 1929-1939 was one of the worst economic depressions in the world economy. The GDP per capita of the United States fell by a third (Federico 2005). A lot of economic activities went down and so many people suffered. Even though the depression affect the rest of the world, it has been called the great depression of the US because

Analysis Of House Of The Seven Gables Essay - 1617 Words

Evil within the Portraits The traditional Gothic taste for â€Å"portraits† is frequent in many novels and short stories that follow the conventions of literary mode making it present in these both texts; House of the Seven Gables by Hawthorne and Edgar Allen Poe’s The Oval Portrait. Often the characters in such Gothic romances are haunted by the tyranny of the past, which make it inescapable. It often leads to the destruction of their loved ones. Others motive of escape is often pulled back by a curse that the character creates upon himself. According to The Art of Terror by Maria Antonia Lima she says, â€Å"These portraits are usually a source of terror, with the past presented as something alive, like a ghost that haunts the present with its terrible mystery. Many authors consider this kind of literature itself as an example of modern art because it can become an anti-realist protest and a rebellion of the imagination against the reduction of fiction to the analysi s of contemporary habits† (Lima 80). The painter introduces the â€Å"portrait† in the Oval Portrait by Edgar Allen Poe as overwhelming to him. The painter changes his behavior by no longer seeing his wife as his wife rather as an image through the lens of his painting. This idea of a â€Å"portrait† can be signified as a curse. A curse that plays with the Pyncheon’s and the painter’s emotions. In The House of the Seven Gables the â€Å"portrait† of Colonel Pyncheon is presented as an everlasting reminder of its dark past and theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Scarlett Letter And The House Of Seven Gables 1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1900’s are the prime time of religion, etiquette and social classes. A lot of our customs today come from this time period. In the past, questioning any of these could result in serious punishments. In both The Scarlett Letter and The House of Seven Gables, Hawthorne demonstrates the impact of going ag ainst the customs as well as social etiquette in the nineteenth century. To begin, in both novels, sin and knowledge are the source of all problems. In The Scarlett Letter, hypocrisy is a prominentRead More Use of Symbolism in Hawthornes The House of the Seven Gables1354 Words   |  6 PagesUse of Symbolism in Hawthornes The House of the Seven Gables In the novel The House of the Seven Gables, Hawthorne portrays Alice Pyncheon as a unique and compelling character, placing her in contrast with a story full of greed, lies and betrayal. Hawthorne reveals her fantastic character to us in numerous uses of symbolism throughout the novel. By painting a picture of a gentle yet proud woman, Hawthorne chooses to represent Alices impressive characteristics using images that come up repeatedlyRead More The Analysis Of Light And Dark Essay879 Words   |  4 Pages The Analysis of Light and Dark Imagery Nathaniel Hawthornes The House of the Seven Gables, uses many qualities of symbolism which help develop the novels main ideas. Darkness is the emblematic color; of the Pyncheons. Contrasted with its opposite, light, it forms one of the major symbols of the novel: the opposition of dark and light. Hawthorne uses dark imagery throughout his novel to express a sense of decay, but he also uses light imagery to inject hope. Nathaniel Hawthorne in The HouseRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesdominant position does not guarantee them satisfying lives. The focus of this analysis will be the portrayal of the individual as it relates to his or her economic status: does having wealth mean that upper class characters are more likely to lead fulfilling lives than middle/lower class characters? Through a close reading of Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The House of the Seven Gables, Kate Chopin’s â€Å"Dà ©sirà ©e’s Baby,† and Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome, readersRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1230 Words   |  5 Pageswriting keeps the reader guessing and on their toes. How he does this? He uses emblems. Emblems are an image that represents a concept such as a moral truth, allegory, etc. A few of the emblems that Hawthorne has used are: a scar let letter, a seven gabled house, a blood stain, a black veil, a set of pink ribbons, a maypole, a birthmark, etc. By using these emblems, Hawthorne shows us that stories can go beyond the regional, historic, pastoral, and gothic boundaries. Hawthorne’s stories are alwaysRead MoreSite Analysis : Clearing The Site3077 Words   |  13 Pages CONTENTS PAGE ï‚ ® SITEWORKS Site Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....... 1 Clearing the site †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 Levelling methods †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Stockpiling spoil †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Trenching †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 ï‚ ® THE GROUND FLOOR SLAB Damp proof courses †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... 2 Termite Protection †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Set Down †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 ï‚ ® FRAMING AND OPENINGS Walls †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreWho is Nathaniel Hawthorne?953 Words   |  4 PagesHampshire. Sophia was then officially a widow until 1871, when she was pronounced dead too. Not all of Nathaniel’s work is well known, but most of it is. Two years after he published the Scarlet Letter, he published two more novels, The House of The Seven Gables (1851) and The Blithedale Romance (1852). Nathaniel became a very successful writer. Nathaniel used Allegory, which is a work of literature where events, characters, and details of settings are used. He also used a lot of symbols in his writingRead MoreThe Blue Spider Project6825 Words   |  28 PagesDue date: 20 /05/2012 Complete the assignment below after reading attentively through the case study The Blue Spider Project (which appears after the assignment questions): After the final testing and the programme report were completed, Henry Gable decided to look back with introspection and identified a number of challenges along the â€Å"Blue Spider Project† life-cycle which were not clear but in need of solutions (for example: project manager qualification; authority of a project manager; functionalRead MoreAnne of Green Gables: Personality and Destiny9447 Words   |  38 PagesAnne of Green Gables: Personality and Destiny Abstract Anne of Green Gables is the first long novel of famous Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery, published in 1908. Its publication lightened the spirit of Canadians of that age, giving a place to Canadian native literature in the literary world. Current studies on Anne’s personality is mainly about Anne’s lunacy, mercuriality, narcissist, rebellion,precocity, imagination,love for nature and life. These personalities are considered fixedRead MoreInfluences of Nathaniel Hawthornes Life on His Novel The Scarlet Letter1759 Words   |  8 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne is one of the greatest American authors of the nineteenth century. He published his first novel Fanshawe, in 1828. However, he is widely known for his novels The Scarlet Letter and The House of Seven Gables. His novel, The Scarlet Letter, can be analyzed from historical, psychological and feminist critical perspectives by examining his life from the past, as well as his reflections while writing The Scarlet Letter . In order to understand the book properly, it’s necessary to use

Buddhist Zen Free Essays

string(113) " in the most important places, India and China where Zen Buddhism flourished \(Dumoulin, 1979; Dumoulin, 2005\)\." Buddhism is one of the major religions of the ancient civilization which had been retained and even strengthened through the course of the human development. It has different schools of thought. Included in these subdivisions is the Zen Buddhism which can be directly described as the school of thought that deals mainly with the different principles of the inner self related to meditation. We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhist Zen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Along with the Zen Buddhism, which is also referred to as Ch’an or Son, are the other schools such as the Mahayana, Theravada, and Vajrayana (Yool, 1992). Zen can be defined through different aspects and meanings. One of the main definitions of Zen is related to meditation. On the other hand, certain groups perceive Zen as independent from Zen Buddhism. The main objective of the study that was conducted is to be able to present a view on the main principles of Zen Buddhism and related practices. Also, due to the development of these principles, there are different approaches to the practice of Zen Buddhism. The varying approaches and kinds of Zen Buddhism on the basis of location and principles are included in the main issue discussed and studied in research that was conducted. Specifically the objectives of the research revolve around the view on Zen Buddhism. One is to be able to discuss the origin and the history of Zen Buddhism to be able to determine the possible basis of the principles and beliefs of the religion. Another objective is to be able to present the different principles and beliefs of Zen Buddhism. Based on the beliefs and practices, there are different forms of Zen Buddhism. Included in the types are the schools of thought that fall under Zen. In addition, the development of Zen in the different countries is also included in the topics that will be discussed. Another objective is to be able to present a comparative analysis of the Zen and the Pureland Buddhism. Upon the determination of the development of Zen Buddhism through the course of history and the different localities, it is important to determine the importance of the school of thought in the modern era, a view against the concepts of the modern world. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Being one of the major religions in the ancient and modern society, the study focused on the related issue can be considered as essential especially to the determination of the culture and development of the society wherein the religion and the belief originated and flourished. This is due to the fact that Zen Buddhism, being one of the schools of thought of Buddhism, can be considered to have a significant influence to the views and beliefs of the present society. The study can contribute in the increase of consciousness of the public on the belief of one of the most important schools of thought. The aim of the study is to present a particular view on Zen Buddhism and its present role in the modern society. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The study that was conducted is mainly based on the research that was undertaken prior to the study. These include the documents that express the written account of the Zen Buddhism, with its principles, teachings and roles in the culture. One extensive account and study was conducted by D. T. Suzuki which includes a compilation of the practices incorporated in Zen Buddhism. The author presented an in depth organization of knowledge on Zen Buddhism that can be considered as one of the contributing factors in the increase of interest in the subject. Being one of the forerunners in the study of Zen Buddhism, the works of Suzuki can be considered as an importance reference in the study related to Zen. Based on the study, Zen can be defined as a way of life that focuses on the being itself. The factors that revolve around the person and his environment are the main concern of the principles of Zen. It describes the different process mainly targeting the spirit to be able to achieve freedom specifically on the spiritual aspect, the beliefs equating to a positive outlook in life (Suzuki, 1960). The main concentration is the body where in development of the view and outlook of the person can be improved. Once the freedom of the spirit is achieved, the state of happiness can ultimately be viewed and experienced on the basis of the freedom of the spirit. On the basis of different writings, the principles of Zen can be interpreted on different approaches and forms. The Doctrine of Enlightenment can be considered as one of the basic teachings related to Zen in China. On the study that was conducted, the analysis was based on the concept of happiness as presented by Zen Buddhism. One of the issues that were discussed is in relation to the position of Zen Buddhism in the principles of Buddhism as a school of thought. This can be attributed to the fact that there are questions on the relationship of Zen Buddhism in the main teachings of Buddhism. These queries are related to the differences on the principles of Zen with the main body of Buddhism. Certain groups even consider Zen Buddhism as an aversion from the teachings of Buddhism. But it is important to consider two scenarios in the judgment of whether the teachings divert from the true sense of Buddhism or not. One focus can be of the methods or techniques to be able to achieve the ends of the beliefs. For example, to be able to achieve happiness or the state of enlightenment there are certain differences for Zen Buddhism and the original Buddhism in India (Suzuki, 1961). Another view in terms of the historical focus on the definition and application of Zen Buddhism, H. , Dumoulin is one of the most important authors. The focus of the works presented is Zen enlightenment and the historical origins of Zen Buddhism specifically in the most important places, India and China where Zen Buddhism flourished (Dumoulin, 1979; Dumoulin, 2005). You read "Buddhist Zen" in category "Papers" Zen Buddhism, even against the beliefs of other groups is one of the major divisions of Buddhism that originated in India but developed in the China. Presented in the said work are queries that can be related to the diverting values and even origins of Zen and Buddhism (Dumoulin, 2005). These cases can be viewed as the different sides of a complex concept. But it is important to consider, though, that the application of principles of religion and even traditions adapt to the needs of the particular locality and group of people. Thus, such queries can be considered significant only on the perspective that it can lead to more exploration of the issue. The superficial judgment and analysis of the religion and culture can be considered futile specifically when the standards are set by the factions that are not intrinsic of the group. Another important query to consider is the areas to consider in the study of Zen Buddhism. There are different outlooks and views regarding Zen Buddhism. These views include the psychological, the ontological and the epistemological views. It is important to consider that the role and the principles of Zen Buddhism transcend the different inclusions that are tend to be set by the different fields of disciplines (Suzuki, 1961; Suzuki, 1962). It is then important to consider the fact that in issues such as conceptual definitions, the limitations to the definitions that are often set hinders the probability of understanding. Although this is the case, it is important to set standards and classification yardstick to be able to capture the essence of the term. In a study of concepts and views of any area, it is important to consider that the presentation of data is needed to focus on a district aspect. This is due to the fact that these concepts, e. g. religion cannot be delineated by standards because the effects extend through different aspects and facets. Understanding then requires presentation of a certain aspect and the background of the concept. Zen Buddhism can be considered as an important area of Buddhism, an important area of study due to the effects on the culture of the particular areas that practice the belief. One of the ways to be able to present and achieve an understanding is to target a particular area. In the study conducted, the different approaches and types of Zen Buddhism developed in different locality is the main concentration. Although this is the case, to be able to present a view means to create the environment and the factors and relationships related to the issue. In the study of Zen Buddhism, the determination of the relationship of the principles of Zen to the issues of the modern society is another important focus. One example that can be given is the relationship of Zen Buddhism on psychology and psychotherapy. The relationship can be attributed to the fact that the principles of the religion target the achievement of a state of being which usually affects both the psychological state. It can clearly be related to the goal to achieve a certain level of consciousness. One scenario that was studies was related to the interaction of the eastern and the western methods, namely psychotherapy and Buddhism. These methods are both aimed to be able to improve the behavioral state of an individual. The eastern method as the traditional method is represented by Buddhism and the western method is represented by psychotherapy as the modern method. But this is only one of the situations that describe the extent of coverage of Zen and Zen Buddhism on the society (Muramoto Young-Eisendrath, 2002). METHODOLOGY To be able to determine and present an overview on the philosophies and beliefs of Zen Buddhism mainly the different approaches and types, the use of a descriptive type of research was conducted. The objective in this type of research is mainly to present a particular perspective on the topic of interest. It also presents the possible factors and issues that can be related to the subject that is under study. It was undertaken through the study of the information that is made available through prior work of contemporary authors. The research was conducted through the integration of the different published references and other available sources. The issue that deals with the view of the population can be presented through the gathering of information related to the issue. The method that was utilized in the process is qualitative research. The said method can be utilized for historical and conceptual issues that are given an in depth view. In relation to the results of the study that was conducted, an investigation on the documents and published works that were conducted prior to the research is one of the primary phases undertaken to be able to achieve the set goals. The areas that can be considered of priority include the subjects and issues related to Zen Buddhism such as its origin and history. The principles and beliefs related to Zen Buddhism are the basic knowledge also included in the research. From these principles variations and forms are then studied on the basis of the locality and place of origin. Also included in the search for references are the sources that can be utilized for the discussion and comparative analysis of Zen and the Pureland Buddhism. Mainly, the achievement of the needed data was undertaken through data gathering on the printed and published works on the topic. Description, data gathering of pertinent information and analysis are included in the process undertaken to be able to achieve the goals of the research. The analysis of the data gathered that are essential to the topic is done mainly through the process of induction (Baum, 1984; Hoepfl, 1997). In the research undertaken, the presentation of the overview and the different approaches to Zen Buddhism along with the present role of the school of thought in the present generation is the mainly based on the accumulated facts and organized data from reputable and historical published records and studies. The concepts that were gathered were recorded, measured, organized and analyzed to be able to come up with the output from published references. The works done by different authors are the main basis of the generalization and conclusion that are established. This phase is important primarily on the basis that the conclusion can be considered as the main end of the process of research. In any sociological process that is under study, there are always varying sides and approaches, which are included in the important part of the research conducted. RESULTS The issues related to Zen Buddhism revolve on different concepts which mainly include Zen, Buddhism and the different forms of Zen Buddhism. These terms are the primary phase to be able to achieve an understanding of Zen Buddhism, the different forms and the present role in the modern society. I. An Introduction to Zen Buddhism Zen Buddhism Defined There are different attributes within which Zen can be defined and described. This can be attributed to the fact that the concept can affect different facets and aspects namely including religion, arts, culture and even the different facets of an individual. Zen can be considered as the art improving oneself on the basis of freeing the spiritual well being. The state of freedom and the achievement of enlightenment can be considered as the major goal. From the point of view of the Zen Buddhism, improving the inner person can strengthen other aspects of a person. The body is considered as the most important instrument in the principles of the group (Suzuki, 1961). The main teachings revolve around the fact that the enlightenment and freedom should be achieved by the soul and the spiritual segment of an individual. Etymological Perspective Based on etymological meaning Zen can be attributed as a short term for zenna, which can be traced as related to the Mandarin term channa. Literally, the term is related to the Sanskrit term (dhyana) or meditation. In Chinese writing it is chan, Seon in Korea and Thi? n in Vietnam. Due to the differences in equivalent terms in different locality, it can be considered important to present the principles on the basis of the development in different localities (Dumoulin, 2005). Zen is one of the sects of Buddhism. It is one of the important schools of thought that mainly focus on meditation, also referred to as zazen. The main focus is the stage of enlightenment through wisdom of the spirit. The main proponent and founder of Buddhism is Buddha Siddhartha Gautama. Being one of the important subdivisions of Buddhism, it is considered to have an important religious and experiential effect on the believers and practitioners. Due to the fact that the teachings are based on theoretical established thought, Zen Buddhism is considered to be a school of religious thought. This can be translated as a basis for decision making for different cultures in Asia, e. g. India and China (Dumoulin, 2005; Suzuki, 1960). Variety of Meanings of Zen Zen can be of different meanings on different people on the basis of their orientation and affective factors. Although the principles of Zen are meant to be basic, the interpretation often varies, creating different perspective and subjective meaning to the term. The term Zen has different related meanings. One is meditation which can be related to its etymological interpretation and basic meaning in Buddhism (Dumoulin, 2005; Suzuki, 1960). Aside form the said interpretation the other possible meanings of Zen are cosmic reality and the meaning in Zen Buddhism (Kit, 2002). It is important though to consider the fact that to be able to achieve a clear grasp of the meaning of Zen Buddhism, the primary issue to consider is the understanding of Buddhism as a religion. This is due to the fact that Zen Buddhism and its techniques are rooted to the religion that originated in India although many people may contradict due to differences of superficial representations of the two subject matters (Dumoulin, 2005). The discussion on the true meaning of Zen, even at the simplest perspective can be considered as a complex process. One view is Zen Buddhism being a religion. This is the basis perspective since Buddhism is one of the most important and most established religions. It is important to consider the fact that Zen cannot be captured in just a single definition due to the complexity of its role. In that case, Zen can be considered as a synergy of different definitions and roles which vary on the basis of the perspective needed. Zen Buddhism can be a way of life, a culture and a religious principle. Subjectivity can also play an influential role in the definition of Zen Buddhism. Thus, it is important to consider the different approaches to the study of Zen. One important perspective is the historical basis of classification, mainly based on the development over a timeline. Origin and History of Zen Buddhism In the study of the history of Buddhism, it is important to consider the development and the spread of Buddhism in different countries in Asia. This can be considered important to be able to determine the development of the varying approaches in the practice of Zen Buddhism. The Buddhism Timeline To be able to determine the root of the principles of Zen Buddhism, it is important to study the timeline in the development of the said school of thought. Due to the fact t hat Buddhism can be considered as one of the oldest and most established religions in Asia, the origins of Buddhism can be traced back to the 500 BC. This is the time wherein Buddhism was established (Dumoulin, 2005; McCowan, n. d. ; Suzuki, 1960). Although this is the case, the influences in the practices incorporated in Buddhism can be traced back even through the prehistoric period, wherein the Indus Valley civilization can already be observed to practice meditation. This practice can be considered as one of the most important activity and the basis for the activity of the Zen Buddhism. On the other hand, the said practice was brought to India due to movements of different groups of people. Included in the cultures and traditions that was given to India is the Vedas, Brahma, priesthood, the caste and rituals. Also the strengthening of the Dharmic religions which occurred through the 1800 to 470 BCE is followed by the birth of the founder of Buddhism between 624 to 560 BCE (Watterson, 2004). The period of enlightenment of the great teacher of Buddhism in 589 to 525 BCE, can be considered as the revelation of the basic teachings and principles of Buddhism. The commencement of the Four Noble Truths occurred in the Dhamma-vinaya, the religion he established. But after his death between 544-480 BCE, the Buddhists Council became active in the establishment of the religion. The 1st – 3rd Buddhist Councils expanded the coverage of the religion and even included leaders of the country such as King Asoka who converted in 297 BCE. In the said councils the different issues related to Buddhism are discussed and resolved (Watterson, 2004). During this period, the influence of Buddhism reached other parts of Asia, causing the rise of the different forms of Buddhism in different countries which can be attributed to the local and domestic cultures and traditions of the particular area. Buddhism can be considered to adapt and blend to the culture of the people. How to cite Buddhist Zen, Papers

Two important areas should be included in the policy Samples for Stude

Question: Discuss About In Which Two Important Areas Should Be Included In the Policy? Answer: Introduction: With the advancement of the decades, the treatment of mentally ill patients has changed. The institutionalization concept has been replaced by deinstitutionalization technique where besides, attending the physical causes of developing mental health, the emotional and social factors are also considered by healthcare professionals (Yesufu et al. 2015). Nowadays with the growing population of the old aged cohort due to advancement of medical discoveries and new technologies, the diseases burden of such people are also increasing. Therefore huge amount of healthcare professionals are thereby recruited to meet the increasing demands. Often along with physical health issues, mental and neurodegenerative ailments like Alzheimers, Parkinson, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders are always associated (Fleming et al. 2014). Patients with such diseases burden often tend to suffer from depression that affects their quality lives. However the healthcare professionals while treating the disorders ofte n tend to overlook the depression symptoms as they tend to overlap with other diseases. Hence, the report will mainly cover the advocacy for inclusion of treatments that will also address proper treatments for depression besides others. Health organization: The Ipswich Mental Hospital is a renowned hospital which is serving the nation of Australia since the year 1940 and had been enlisted as the Queensland Register on 2nd December. They had been the trendsetter in the building up of a moral treatment center which was very different from the institutionalized types of asylum and healthcare sectors that practices inhuman practices to control their parents. They have developed principle like treatment of males and female patients in different areas of their buildings or wards. They have prepared a very beautiful surrounding to their hospital with sunken fences, proper water supply as well as ventilation, gardens and mature trees with provision of employments as well as recreation areas. They have correctly taken these initiatives as modern science believes that a healthy environmental surrounding is extremely important for a better recovery of mental health patients. Their main ideology was very different from the surrounding asylums that were present during the 19th and 20th century as their contemporaries. This is said so because throughout the 19th and 20th century, healthcare system considered very little about the needs of the intellectually disabled people and often considered them to belonging to the class of people called insane (Clement et al. 2015). This mental healthcare hospital had developed values and beliefs where they have stressed upon the growing importance of the spread of awareness for the special needs of the intellectually disabled people in Queensland and had contributed in the construction of different facilities that adopted modern technologies and beliefs regarding healthcare treatment. They had set up many community based services other than their own services inside the healthcare as they believed a community based approach is best for treatments therefore they had always helped in developing new ideas for developing their own approaches and also for their mental health patients (Butcher, Hooley and Mineka, 2015). Background: Recently, it has been stated by World Health Organization (WHO) that globally the population is aging at a much faster rate and has even stated that within 2015 to 2050, the proportion of old patients over the age of 60 years will become double from about 12% to that of 22 % (WHO 2016). At the same time they have also stated that more than 15% of the adults aged 60 or over suffer from mental disorders and about 10% are suffering from Neuropsychiatric disorders. Hence, it has become extremely important for the mental health care centers and different community settings to provide importance for the mental health as well as the different well being of such individuals. Most of them are seen to suffer from different disorders mainly dementia, schizophrenia and similar others (Baer 2015). However one common symptom that remains associated with each and every of such old mental health patient is depression. Such depression often makes the condition of the patients more adverse and often a dds up to the diseases burden that they are already facing (Glover et al. 2014). Besides anxiety disorders are also observed among such individuals that result in destroying the quality lives. It has been found in most of the cases that even due to several awareness programs initiated by the government, mental health issues are under-identified by healthcare practitioners and even the older patient themselves (Anderson and Titov 2014). Moreover, stigma surrounding the mental health illness prevents a large number of people to seek help. Therefore as a result of such stigma, the condition of the patients often worsen and reaches a condition where they can no longer experience a good quality life (Wagner, Horn and Maercker 2014). Therefore it has become extremely urgent to address the aged mental health patients suffering from depression along with other mental and physical diseases burden and take interventions that will make them live a btetter life. The main issue identified here is that often family members sent their old ailing mental health patient to such mental healthcare centers and also the community settings for their treatment. Although they are treated with much affection and care, the lack of family support has become one of the main concerns that results in the development of disorder as well as anxiety among such patients. The feeling of being left out by family where the old patient used to be the elder often feels a sense of weakness that affects him significantly (Mohr et al. 2013). Moreover, with the growing age, mental cognitive powers begin to decline and therefore rational thinking capability of such patients are also found to be a contributing factor that results in the development of disorders. Often many families tend to leave their patients with the healthcare sectors and never turn out to met the patients which makes them feel left out or lonely or being a burden on family. Therefore, many healthcare sec tors even after trying their best to provide the most evidence based interventions for their patients, they often tend to fail to provide a quality life for the patients (Rogers and Pilgrim 2014). This is mainly because of depression engulfs them in a way which makes their treatment very difficult. In fact, WHO has also stated that multiple social, psychological and also biological factors that determine the level of mental health patients but although the biological as well as psychological problems get addressed in the patients often social control can hardly be controlled by the nurses and other healthcare practitioners. WHO has also stated that often mental health burden of the patients get further deteriorated due to the development of depression that occurs due to the abuse of the family members (Coventry et al. 2015). WHO gave stated that when older patients become mentally ill, they are often abused by their family members that often include physical, psychological, sexual, emotional, material as well as financial abuse. They also tend to develop depression due to the result of different harsh activities by their family members. These include abandonment and neglect by the family which results in severe los of dignity and respect of the mental ill patient (Jacksons et al. 2014). Elder patients are often physically abused that not only result in physical harm to the patient but also results in serious long lasting psychological consequences resulting in depression and also anxiety. Often many family members often perform verbal abuse as well as mental abuse as the mental health older patients become physically dependent on others family members die to their inability to perform different diseases like dementia and other neuro-disruptive disorders. Many researchers have also suggested that depression in patients with mental and neuro-disruptive power often gets coincided with that of the symptoms of other diseases present in the patient and therefore is often undertreated and under-diagnosed (van Zoohen et al. 2014). The healthcare practitioners often tend to overlook the depression and the patients often goes untreated and hence the other interventions do not yield the best results. Aims and objectives of the policy: Two important areas should be included in the policy which would include proper education of the nurses about how they can handle different issues arising from depression in old patients with other mental and neurodegenerative factors. Moreover the policy should also address about educating the ordinary people especially the family members about how they should treat old mental health patients so that they can experience better quality lives. The policy advises the healthcare professionals to handle the issue of depression with utmost expertise without overlooking the symptoms depression and incorporate important interventions that will properly address the symptoms of depression (Bartlets and Naslund 2013). This could be achieved by the nurses by following evidence based research articles which have correctly addressed the different ways of helping mental ill patients suffering from depression. Moreover the infrastructure of the settings of the hospitals would be such that it would promote different interesting activities of the patients where they can engage themselves and enjoy their lives. Moreover the setting would also try to incorporate family members of the patients and the nurse should take the step in explaining the different ways how they can help their family members in overcoming depression by maintaining easy steps. At the same time it will also influence the government to incorporate a section about how old patients with mental issues should be taken care for by the family members without creating strenuous disruption to the patients, harming their lives and affecting their mental health more adversely. The Australian Government for long had provided policies for mental healthcare by addressing the healthcare policies but not has separately mentioned the importance of depression in the life of older people with mental health patients. Therefore the government can conduct a research in order to estimate the number of mental health aged patients su ffering from depression and thereby help both the healthcare experts as well as the family members about how to identify the issue and take steps accordingly (Siu et al. 2016). The government should also introduce crisis intervention help line numbers so that the patients or others may report any abuse against the perpetrators. Health promotion framework: The health issue chosen is the issue of depression faced by aged mental health patient that mainly arises due to the effect of diseases burden of different neurodegenerative factors, associated mental health disorders and the ill treatment faced by such patient by their members. It is really not possible by them to tackle the issue themselves; therefore the entire issue has to be handled by the nurses and other healthcare practitioners. The ecological model of healthcare promotion should be applied here in order to address the issues to the healthcare representatives. The first is the intrapersonal and individual factors that will influence the healthcare workers and family members to influence their practice by incorporating correct knowledge, beliefs, personality and attitudes at individual factors. This will help the patients to feel loved and cared for. The second are the interpersonal factors that will include the interactions with other people who will help in providing social support and prevent any sort of barriers that may affect interpersonal growth of the healthcare representatives ultimately promoting proper behaviors and correct interventions towards the patients with the depression (Rabbit, Kazdin and Scasselatti 2015). Often community based programs can be arranged where such hospitals can also participate with their patients making gifting them wonderful days in their lives. They will also be able to communicate with others and feel included. The third factor is the institutional as well as the organizational factors that include the incorporation of rules, regulations, policies and different informal structures which will help in the promotion of different interventions by which severe symptoms of depression can be handled and thereby managed. This organizational head should underrate meetings discussing the issues and recommending policies for such patients and also guidelines for healthcare centers. The fourth is the evaluation of the communi ty factors which include consideration of the formal as well as the social norms that exist among the different individuals, groups and organization in order to mould their ways to enhance the treatment of such patients with care, affection, love and tenderness. This can be achieved by allowing communities, voluntary carers and other organizations to collaborate among themselves and find out effective ways to mitigate the problem (Ehde et al. 2014). The last step would include the introduction of a public policy by government that will address the issue at local, state and also federal level and introduce laws to regulate and support health actions and different interventions for the benefits of the aged mental health patients for proper handling of depression in such patients. This would be in addition to the policy for advocacy. Recommendation: For properly handling the issues of depression among the aged mental health patient, the organization as well as the government should first create policies that will address the healthcare professionals. It should determine how they can properly identify the correct symptoms of the depression and do not confuse them or overlook them due to the presence of other mental health disorders. They should also pay importance to the treatment of depression as it may often affect the other interventions for treatment of the other disorders in the patients by not making the other interventions fully successful. Depression often affects the quality life of an individual and the nurse should thereby take active interventions addressing the depression symptoms. The nurses should also make sure that they educate the family members about how to treat such patients with care affection so that they do not neglect or provide wrong intervention to the aged patient. The organization should include initi ate training classes that will help the healthcare professionals to bridge the gap that is present in their practices (Verma et al. 2017) The second recommendation would be that the government should introduce policies and laws that will be strict against the various ill treatments which he family members commit over the aged mental health patient that hives rise to depression (Corrigan, Druss and Perlik 2014). The government should introduce different guidelines that the family members should follow to provide the best care for such patients. Any sort of abuse for aged mental health patient should be reported and should be punished severely as it not only results in depression of the helpless mental health patient but also results in severe breach in human rights and freedom. Therefore the government should incorporate strong policies for family members about the proper way of treatment of such patients and include helpline numbers to report when such crisis occurs in a neighborhood (Fusar Poli et al. 2014). The third recommendation would incorporate proper setting up of an environment which will deal with depressed patients effectively. Researchers have stated that three important factors need to be managed by the healthcare coordinators as well as with the caregivers and the family members (Baumisecther et al. 2014). Management of proper resources should be done that will include health, cognitive function as well as proper provision and respect of the socioeconomic status of the depressed individuals. This respect will help them feel socially included and will overcome the concept of stigma associated with it (Ebert 2017). The second is the management of the difficult life experiencesthat the patients had in their life leading to mental disorders and the third and most importantly is the proper engagement of such depressed individuals in different types of volunteer work, social activities and others so that they can feel that they are also helping in the contribution to the society. This will help them to overcome their depression and lead a healthy life. Conclusion: Depression in old patients with mental and neurodegenerative disorder are often overlooked by the healthcare professionals as the symptoms tend to get combined with other health issues. These depression symptoms mainly arise due to ill treatments by family, loss of independency, exclusion from the social environment and many others. Often handling the large number of disease burden becomes difficult for the healthcare professionals who therefore tend to overlook such symptoms. Therefore, it is extremely important for the organization to provide a policy for advocacy to raise the concern among healthcare professionals so that they can successfully address the issue and take necessary steps. At the same time, it will also guide government to include such guidelines in their own policy making citizens aware on a wider scale. Once the depression symptoms in the old aged mental health patients are properly handled by the nurses, it will directly help them in developing a better quality li fe which will make them live happily. References: Andersson, G. and Titov, N., 2014. Advantages and limitations of Internet?based interventions for common mental disorders.World Psychiatry,13(1), pp.4-11. Australian, R. and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Clinical Practice Guidelines Team for Depression, 2016. Australian and New Zealand clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of depression.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Baer, R.A. ed., 2015.Mindfulness-based treatment approaches: Clinician's guide to evidence base and applications. Academic Press. Bartels, S.J. and Naslund, J.A., 2013. The underside of the silver tsunamiolder adults and mental health care.New England Journal of Medicine,368(6), pp.493-496. Baumeister, H., Reichler, L., Munzinger, M. and Lin, J., 2014. The impact of guidance on Internet-based mental health interventionsA systematic review.Internet Interventions,1(4), pp.205-215. Biesheuvel-Leliefeld, K.E., Kok, G.D., Bockting, C.L., Cuijpers, P., Hollon, S.D., van Marwijk, H.W. and Smit, F., 2015. Effectiveness of psychological interventions in preventing recurrence of depressive disorder: Meta-analysis and meta-regression.Journal of affective disorders,174, pp.400-410. Butcher, J.N., Hooley, J.M. and Mineka, S.M., 2015.Abnormal psychology. Pearson Higher Ed. Clement, S., Schauman, O., Graham, T., Maggioni, F., Evans-Lacko, S., Bezborodovs, N., Morgan, C., Rsch, N., Brown, J.S.L. and Thornicroft, G., 2015. What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies.Psychological medicine,45(1), pp.11-27. Corrigan, P.W., Druss, B.G. and Perlick, D.A., 2014. The impact of mental illness stigma on seeking and participating in mental health care.Psychological Science in the Public Interest,15(2), pp.37-70. Coventry, P., Lovell, K., Dickens, C., Bower, P., Chew-Graham, C., McElvenny, D., Hann, M., Cherrington, A., Garrett, C., Gibbons, C.J. and Baguley, C., 2015. Integrated primary care for patients with mental and physical multimorbidity: cluster randomised controlled trial of collaborative care for patients with depression comorbid with diabetes or cardiovascular disease.bmj,350, p.h638. Ebert, D.D., Berking, M., Cuijpers, P., Lehr, D., Prtner, M. and Baumeister, H., 2015. Increasing the acceptance of internet-based mental health interventions in primary care patients with depressive symptoms. A randomized controlled trial.Journal of affective disorders,176, pp.9-17. Ehde, D.M., Dillworth, T.M. and Turner, J.A., 2014. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for individuals with chronic pain: Efficacy, innovations, and directions for research.American Psychologist,69(2), p.153. Fleming, L., Randell, K., Harvey, C.J. and Espie, C.A., 2014. Does cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia reduce clinical levels of fatigue, anxiety and depression in cancer patients?.Psycho?Oncology,23(6), pp.679-684. Fusar-Poli, P., Nelson, B., Valmaggia, L., Yung, A.R. and McGuire, P.K., 2014. Comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders in 509 individuals with an at-risk mental state: impact on psychopathology and transition to psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin,40(1), pp.120-131. Glover, A., Bradshaw, L.E., Watson, N., Laithwaite, E., Goldberg, S.E., Whittamore, K.H. and Harwood, R.H., 2014. Diagnoses, problems and healthcare interventions amongst older people with an unscheduled hospital admission who have concurrent mental health problems: a prevalence study.BMC geriatrics,14(1), p.43. Jackson, J.C., Pandharipande, P.P., Girard, T.D., Brummel, N.E., Thompson, J.L., Hughes, C.G., Pun, B.T., Vasilevskis, E.E., Morandi, A., Shintani, A.K. and Hopkins, R.O., 2014. Depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and functional disability in survivors of critical illness in the BRAIN-ICU study: a longitudinal cohort study.The Lancet Respiratory Medicine,2(5), pp.369-379. Mohr, D.C., Burns, M.N., Schueller, S.M., Clarke, G. and Klinkman, M., 2013. Behavioral intervention technologies: evidence review and recommendations for future research in mental health.General hospital psychiatry,35(4), pp.332-338. Rabbitt, S.M., Kazdin, A.E. and Scassellati, B., 2015. Integrating socially assistive robotics into mental healthcare interventions: Applications and recommendations for expanded use.Clinical psychology review,35, pp.35-46. Rogers, A. and Pilgrim, D., 2014.A sociology of mental health and illness. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Siu, A.L., Bibbins-Domingo, K., Grossman, D.C., Baumann, L.C., Davidson, K.W., Ebell, M., Garca, F.A., Gillman, M., Herzstein, J., Kemper, A.R. and Krist, A.H., 2016. Screening for depression in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.Jama,315(4), pp.380-387. van Zoonen, K., Buntrock, C., Ebert, D.D., Smit, F., Reynolds, C.F., Beekman, A.T. and Cuijpers, P., 2014. Preventing the onset of major depressive disorder: a meta-analytic review of psychological interventions.International journal of epidemiology,43(2), pp.318-329. Verma, S.K., Luo, N., Subramaniam, M., Sum, C.F., Stahl, D., Liow, P.H. and Chong, S.A., 2017. Impact of depression on health related quality of life in patients with diabetes. Wagner, B., Horn, A.B. and Maercker, A., 2014. Internet-based versus face-to-face cognitive-behavioral intervention for depression: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.Journal of affective disorders,152, pp.113-121. Yesufu-Udechuku, A., Harrison, B., Mayo-Wilson, E., Young, N., Woodhams, P., Shiers, D., Kuipers, E. and Kendall, T., 2015. Interventions to improve the experience of caring for people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis.The British Journal of Psychiatry,206(4), pp.268-274.

Involving and Engaging Employees Coca

Executive Summary Employees play a major role in the success of a company. They are charged with the responsibility of implementing organisational policies. They also represent the firm’s values and interests. Many businesses, however, fail to acknowledge the role of these stakeholders in their success.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Involving and Engaging Employees: Coca-Cola Great Britain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, they fail to exploit their full potential. Employee involvement and engagement is set to change this. Involvement is a process spearheaded by the management with the aim of increasing access to information among workers. It helps to promote trust within an organisation. It also supports informed decision making processes. Employee engagement, on the other hand, is a situation where workers are committed to a firm and its values. They become citizens of the organisation tha t they work for. Employee involvement and engagement are crucial to the success of Coca-Cola Great Britain. As a result, the company has maintained a motivated workforce. Better results can be achieved through the adoption of human resource management practices aimed at increasing flexibility and job design. Introduction Coca-Cola Great Britain is based in the UK (Ignatius 2011). Its headquarters are located in West London. It is a subsidiary of the Coca-Cola Company. The parent firm wholly owns the organisation. It was established with the aim of serving the UK market more efficiently. Like its parent company, it is involved in the manufacture of non-alcoholic beverages (Senker Foy 2012). It also oversees other activities, which include distribution, marketing, and retailing. Coca-Cola Great Britain engages in the preparation of syrup concentrates, which are later sold to bottling plants across the country. The bottlers control specific territories within the region. Coca-Cola rem ains the company’s main brand (Ignatius 2011). Its formula was developed by John Stith in 1886. The formula is a closely guarded secret in the company. It is considered as intellectual property. Subsidiaries, such as Coca-Cola Great Britain, are also required to safeguard the secret on behalf of the parent company. To ensure this, employee loyalty is required. The company has achieved this by promoting employee involvement and engagement.  Coca-Cola Great Britain consists of a team of 110 individuals (Senker Foy 2012). They are involved in the running of seven manufacturing plants spread across the country.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their main responsibility is to ensure that the existing brands are manufactured in adequate quantities to satisfy the demand in the UK market (Senker Foy 2012). At the same time, they promote the brands in an attempt to increas e its consumption rates. The organisation also seeks to develop new brands. The only way to achieve this is through innovation. A motivated workforce is, therefore, required. Innovation is aimed at increasing efficiency at the point of manufacture, retailing, distribution, and marketing. With over 4650 individuals currently employed in enterprises operated by Coca-Cola Great Britain, there is need to develop effective human resource management (HRM) practices to increase the productivity of the workforce. Problem Statement Employees are important in ensuring the success of their organisations. However, their role is often overlooked. As a result, the management is not keen to develop HRM strategies aimed at addressing issues affecting them. For this reason, their productivity within a firm tends to go down. They lack motivation to work towards the success of their firms. Employees are also mainly excluded when it comes to decision making (Henderson 2011). Managers tend to make decis ions affecting the entire organisation without consultations. The result is that employees lack trust in the firm’s leadership. They are also less motivated to work beyond the terms of their employment contract. They also lose faith in the values upheld by the business (Balantyne 2004).  The only way to avoid this shortcoming is by involving employees more in the day-to-day running of the firm. The management often achieves this by giving the workforce access to more information concerning their organisation. The practice promotes employee engagement. Workers get committed to their firm and its values. At the same time, they develop the will to assist their colleagues. However, many firms are not aware of the importance of putting in place effective HRM practices. As a result, the performance of their employees tends to be dismal. Organisations also fail to acknowledge the importance of flexibility and job design in promoting success. As a result, the work requirements of t heir employees are not satisfied. Consequently, their performance is negatively affected.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Involving and Engaging Employees: Coca-Cola Great Britain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research Questions The study focused on the assessment of the impacts of HRM practices on employee involvement and engagement in relation to the performance of Coca-Cola Great Britain. The study also sought to examine the role played by flexibility and job design. The importance of these elements to the company was also assessed. Consequently, the study sought to respond to the following research question: What are the effects of involvement and engagement of employees in the business activities of Coca Cola Great Britain? What are the factors affecting the involvement and engagement of the workforce at Coca Cola Great Britain? What is the future of the engagement and involvement of employees in conte mporary organisations? Human Resource Management Employee involvement is an initiative taken by the management to increase workers’ access to information (Daniels, Davis Shipton 2008). The move is aimed at enhancing their commitment to the firm, its values, and objectives (Holm 2013). It is a form of top down communication within an organisation. Information emanates from the top leadership positions. A number of forums are used to promote employee involvement. For example, managers can hold meetings and briefings where workers are informed of the progress made within their organisation (Balantyne 2004). Newsletters and memos can also be used to pass information. However, there have been concerns that these methods of communication do not give employees a chance to offer prompt feedback. As a result, they feel neglected in the decision making process. Face-to-face communication is recommended to avoid this. In the past, management had a tendency to rely on third parties to pass information to employees (Kiessling Harvey 2006). Such parties included representatives and workers unions. Little information was given to the workers. It was passed only on a ‘need-to-know’ basis. Direct communication, on the other hand, means that no third party is involved in the link between the management and the employees. It is considered to be the most effective strategy. Modern HRM professionals believe when workers know about their business, they become willing and committed to complete their tasks (Marchington Wilkinson 2012). As such, the practice increases productivity. However, there are concerns that increased involvement of employees may translate to more work and stress. For example, they are required to be more involved in decision making (Albrecht 2010). As such, their responsibilities within the firm are increased. An increase in roles induces stress and, eventually, translates to poor performance.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are different forms of employee involvement. They range from task participation to financial involvement, downward communication, and upward problem solving (Cox, Zagelmeyer Marchington 2006). Task participation mainly involves job redesigning and enrichment. Redesigning entails restructuring of tasks, roles, and responsibilities associated with a particular job. As a HRM practice, it is aimed at inspiring and motivating employees (Daniels, Davis Shipton 2008). Job enrichment, on the other hand, involves assigning additional responsibilities to workers. It is aimed at motivating persons who are self-driven. It is mostly evident among employees at higher levels within the organisation. Task participation can also be in the form of teamwork. It offers employees a chance to exchange ideas with others. As a result, they gain a better understanding of their organisation and the issues affecting it.  The management can increase employee commitment through financial involvement ( Bratton Good 2012). It involves providing financial incentives to workers in order to motivate them. Profit sharing is one of the most commonly used incentives. Management can directly or indirectly make payments based on the profitability of the firm. The payment is in addition to the regular salaries and bonuses. The companies that are publicly traded often resort to allocation of shares to their workforce. The arrangement is referred to as a share ownership scheme (Boxall Purcell 2012). Through financial involvement, employees are made aware of their organisation’s performance. They also get the opportunity to share the profits made by the firm. As a result, they are more willing to contribute to the success of the business.  Downward communication emanates from people in top management positions (Gruman Saks 2011). A good example is an address from the chief executive officer to junior officers. Most of these communications are aimed at giving employees updates on fu ture plans by the management. As such, they can adequately prepare for any changes that may occur at their place of work. It may also involve passing information on matters affecting production and the delivery of services either directly or indirectly. As such, employees have a clear picture of what is expected of them within their organisation. Their ability to make decisions is also increased. Upward communication is another form of employee involvement. It is aimed at solving problems that arise within a firm (Noe Noe 2012). The management encourages employees to come up with ideas that would help solve these challenges. The leaders also seek to encourage innovation. The reason for this is to ensure that the organisation gains competitive advantage over its rivals through product differentiation (Noe Noe 2012). The management may also organise attitude surveys to establish how much their employees are committed to the objectives of the firm. Staff surveys may also enable the m anagement to learn the areas of HRM that need to be changed. Through problem solving groups, employees are able to provide suggestions that improve the day-to-day running of the organisation. Employee engagement Employee engagement is viewed as commitment to an organisation and its values. The workforce also exhibits willingness to help their colleagues improve their performance (Daniels 2006). It is also commonly referred to as organisational citizenship. It can only be offered to a firm willingly. As such, it cannot be demanded from an individual as one of the terms of the employment contract (Kiessling Harvey 2006). In this case, employees have the ability and the desire to ensure the success of their firm. Their desire and commitment is exhibited through discretionary efforts in the form of such acts as working extra time (Amabile Kramer 2011). Employee engagement also entails willingness to put in intellectual effort to ensure that an organisation performs well. Individuals a lso carry out their tasks with a positive attitude (Armstrong Taylor 2014). They also relate well with others to meet organisational goals and objectives. They also feel lucky to be involved in the activities of the organisation. They tend to take it as an opportunity to enhance their skills. Businesses can achieve employee involvement and engagement by allowing their workers to speak out on matters affecting the business. They feel that their contribution to the firm is valued (Bratton Good 2012). They also get the impression that the employer is transparent with them. As a result, they gain trust in the management and its activities. Employee engagement in many firms is achieved through the involvement of the workforce in decision making. Effective HRM practices require ideas emanating from workers to be taken into consideration. Their contribution should be acknowledged and appreciated by the management (Cummings Worley 2014). Employees should also be able to communicate openl y with the organisation’s leadership without fear of retribution. As a result, they do not feel sidelined when it comes to decision making and formulation of policies (Cummings Worley 2014).  Research shows that employee involvement and engagement at Coca-Cola Great Britain has been as a result of eased relations between the workforce and the management (Torrington et al. 2011). Individuals working for the organisation are encouraged to generate new ideas. The management is also keen to acknowledge the contribution of the employees. It often rewards their commitment, especially through better pay (Little Little 2006). As a result, a culture of innovation has been developed. The ‘Share a Coke’ campaign aimed at promoting the Coca-Cola brand was associated with a lot of success. The success can be attributed to the commitment of employees to the success of their organisation. The commitment is expressed by constantly generating new ideas (Rees French 2010).  There are a number of positive outcomes associated with the HRM practices. To begin with, cases of absenteeism have drastically decreased. The productivity of the employees has also gone up owing to the increased efforts. Error rates have also declined following the development of organisational citizenship (Luthans Peterson 2002). Workers have grown more emotionally attached to their firm. Role of Flexibility and Job Design Litheness is an important quality within any organisation. It is the ability of a firm to adapt to the composition, responsiveness, size, and cost of the human capital required to achieve its goals and objectives (Felstead, Jewson Walters 2003). It is an important HRM goal for any business. Employers and employees view flexibility from different perspectives. In the case of the employer, employee flexibility is all about efficiency (Felstead, Jewson Walters 2003). They feel that the workforce should be able to change its schedule with relative ease to deal w ith emergencies (Rayer Adam-Smith 2009). As such, the organisation is able to deal with emerging issues without outsourcing for human capital. On the other hand, employees view flexibility as the ability to juggle between work and home with ease. The needs of employers and employees in relation to flexibility at the workplace should be balanced to ensure optimum productivity (Lockwood 2007).  At Coca-Cola Great Britain, employee flexibility is viewed as one of the organisational goals. The company respects the rights of the workers (Ignatius 2011). For example, employees are allowed time-off during working hours for ante-natal care. Maternity leaves are also granted. During the time, workers are entitled to pay for a period of 39 weeks as per UK laws. Maternity leaves can extend to one year. Workers at Coca-Cola Great Britain are also given leave to attend to paternal, parental, and adoption issues. Dependants are also allowed time-off to attend to their households (Ignatius 2011 ). Their responsibilities may range from children to parents and spouses. As a result, the organisation’s workforce enjoys a better work-life balance. Employees are able to attend to their responsibilities both at work and at home with relative ease. Besides these instances, it is important for the company to allow persons who have offered more than 26 weeks of continuous service to request for leaves with justified reasons. The move is a legal requirement for all firms operating in the UK. Flexibility at the organisation has helped reduce cases of absenteeism (Felstead et al. 2002). Unpaid leaves are the most effective strategies in ensuring this. Employees are discouraged from missing work unless when it is absolutely necessary. Their morale to work is also boosted. The reason behind this is that they feel the company strives to benefit them. In the process, organisational citizenship is achieved. Job satisfaction among employees is also enhanced. As a result, the rate of e mployee turnover at Coca-Cola Great Britain is generally low. When employees are allowed time-off when need arises, they get to relax and are not fatigued. Upon their return, they become more efficient in their activities and are associated with high levels of productivity. Job design It is an important aspect of HRM practices. It involves putting together a range of tasks and responsibilities to be undertaken by a particular individual within an organisation (Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development [CIPD] 2008a). In other terms, it entails specifying the contents of various jobs. The reason for this is to ensure job satisfaction among employees. The potential of workers is also fully utilised (Luthans Peterson 2002). Through job redesigning, organisations can completely engage their workers. More responsibilities mean increased involvement. The reason behind this is that one will be more involved in decision making in the areas of operations entrusted to them. They tend t o develop a sense of responsibility by supporting the day-to-day running of their organisations (Mohr Zoghi 2006). Their effects on the firm are also felt and valued. In the process, they become more engaged and develop organisational citizenship.  Coca-Cola Great Britain is known to use job design to motivate its employees. The company mainly achieves this through task enlargement (CIPD 2008a). The process involves lengthening the work cycle by extending the range of activities and responsibilities within the same level. It involves a combination of many activities (Den 2011). Consequently, one is expected to perform different tasks. Boredom at the place of work is eliminated. Employees are more enthusiastic about their work. Job enrichment can also be used to motivate employees (Pilbeam Corbridge 2010). It is mainly achieved by assigning additional responsibilities to workers. Additional roles often come with a raise in pay (Edwards 2003). As such, employees feel that they are valued in the organisation. Such individuals are motivated to work hard to ensure that their effect is felt throughout the company. Job enrichment is, however, often a reserve of employees occupying higher levels in the organisation (CIPD 2008b). The reason behind this is that they have better knowledge of the company’s operations. Improved results can be achieved at Coca-Cola Great Britain by combining job design with rewards. Conclusion There is no doubt that employee involvement and engagement enhance the success of a company. The two ensure that workers are involved in the day-to-day running of their organisation. Employee involvement means that they are provided with information concerning the business and its objectives. As such, they are empowered to make better decisions. In the process, they are able to promote success. Employee engagement, on its part, involves the development of organisational citizenship. It involves the initiation of emotional attachment to the firm. As such, individuals strive to ensure the continued success of their firm. Improved HRM practices can be developed by promoting job design and flexibility. The two are important sources of employee motivation. They result in increased productivity, which promotes success. Organisations operating in a dynamic market can gain competitive advantage by putting in place effective HRM strategies. Improved employee relations will ensure continued innovation. For this reason, Coca-Cola Great Britain should put in place HRM practices aimed at promoting employee involvement and engagement. Job design and flexibility should also be encouraged. References Albrecht, S 2010, Handbook of employee engagement: perspectives, issues, research and practice, Edward Elgar Publishing, London, UK. Amabile, T Kramer, S 2011, ‘The power of small wins’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 71-80. Armstrong, M Taylor, S 2014, Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice, 13th edn, Kogan Page, London, UK. Balantyne, D 2004, ‘Dialogue and its role in the development of relationship specific knowledge’, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 114-123. Boxall, P Purcell, J 2012, Strategy and human resource management, 4th edn, Palgrave MacMillan, Hampshire. Bratton, J Good, J 2012, Human resource management, 5th edn, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development 2008a, Smart working: the impact of work organisation and job design, CIPD, London, UK. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development 2008b, Smart working: how smart is UK PLC?, CIPD, London, UK. Cox, A, Zagelmeyer, S Marchington, M 2006, ‘Embedding employee involvement and participation at work’, Human Resource Management Journal, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 250-267. Cummings, T Worley, C 2014, Organisation development and change, Cengage Learning, New York. Daniels, K 2006, Employee relations in an organisational context, CIPD, London, UK. Daniels, K, Davis, A Shipton, H 2008, Strategic HRM: building research based practice, CIPD, London, UK. Den, R 2011, Keys to governance: strategic leadership for quality of life, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Edwards, P 2003, ‘The employment relationship and the field of industrial relations’, Industrial Relations: Theory and Practice, vol. 2, no.1, pp. 1-36. Felstead, A, Jewson, N Walters, S 2003, ‘Managerial control of employees working at home’, British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 241-264. Felstead, A, Jewson, N, Phizacklea, A, Walters, S. 2002. ‘The option of working at home: another privilege for the favoured few’, New Technology, Work and Employment, vol. 17, no 3, pp. 204-223 Gruman, J Saks, A 2011, ‘Performance management and employee engagement’, Human Resource Management Review, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 123-136. Henderson, I 2011, Human resource managem ent for MBA students, Chartered Institute of Personnel Development, London, UK. Holm, A 2013, Philosophy of science: an introduction for future knowledge workers, Samfundslitteratur, Frederiksberg. Ignatius, A 2011, ‘Shaking things up at Coca-Cola’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 89, no. 10, pp. 94-99. Kiessling, T Harvey, M 2006, ‘The human resource management issues during an acquisition: the target firm’s top management team and key managers’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1307-1320. Little, B Little, P 2006, ‘Employee engagement: conceptual issues’, Journal of Organisational Culture, Communications and Conflict, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 111-120. Lockwood, N 2007, ‘Leveraging employee engagement for competitive advantage’, Society for Human Resource Management Research Quarterly, vol. 1, no.1, pp. 1-12. Luthans, F Peterson, S 2002, ‘Employee engagement and manager self-efficac y’, Journal of Management Development, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 376-387. Marchington, M Wilkinson, A 2012, Human resource management at work, 5th edn, Chartered Institute of Personnel Development, London, UK. Mohr, R Zoghi, C 2006, Is job enrichment really enriching?, U.S. Dept. of Labour, U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics, Office of Productivity and Technology, Washington, D.C. Noe, R Noe, R 2012, Human resource management: gaining a competitive advantage, 8th edn, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York. Pilbeam, S Corbridge, M 2010, People resourcing: contemporary HRM in practice, 4th edn, Prentice Hall, London, UK. Rayer, C Adam-Smith, D 2009, Managing leading people, McGraw Hill, CIPD, London, UK. Rees, G French, R 2010, Leading, managing and developing people, 3rd edn, CIPD, London, UK. Senker, C Foy, D 2012, Coca Cola: the story behind the iconic business, Wayland, London, UK. Torrington, D, Hall, L, Taylor, S, Atkinson, C. 2011. Human resource management, 8th edn, Prentice Ha ll, Essex. This report on Involving and Engaging Employees: Coca-Cola Great Britain was written and submitted by user Caitlyn Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Complete Guide How to Write a Public Administration Term Paper

Complete Guide How to Write a Public Administration Term Paper A term paper is a lengthy essay written by a student on a subject. In your case, you need to deal with Public Administration. Mainly, your term paper will be based on the material studied during a college term. For that reason, it is necessary to make a precise examination of the obtained information and provide its analysis in the final term paper. Remember that it is supposed to be a critical, evaluative, or analytical report that describes a particular issue on the topic from the objective perspective. So be ready to demonstrate your research and analytical skills, critical thinking and original approach to writing a term paper. Our guide on how to write a good public administration term paper can be a useful source of inspiration that you are likely to look for. It helps find some valuable tips at every stage of academic writing. Besides, you will know what to write about on public administration, some essential elements to consider helping you find unique topic ideas and so on. Go on reading this public administration term paper writing guide to the end to become more knowledgeable and confident in writing your own term paper. Public Administration Term Paper and Its Key Principles The basic term paper includes different number of pages from 10 to 15 pages. Usually, a title page, table of content, abstract and reference list aren’t included in the pages of content. As a result, you need minimum 6 pages of typed text that will provide the readers with a comprehensive outline of the selected topic. In other words, write your term paper as if the reader knows nothing about the public administration topic you choose. Your research interest is to explore and analyze some areas related to public administration like economics, history, and politics, international relations, civil society, and so on. Traditionally, a term paper is associated with a research paper as their main concepts seem to be incredibly similar. Nonetheless, it is important to distinguish both types of writing in the following way: A research paper demands a particular academic approach, deep evaluation and investigation of the used materials, and a variety of research methods applied. A term paper is based on the studied material and should be written according to the demands of your professor. These demands allow the readers to check your analytical thinking skills and abilities to collect related information, do a thorough analysis, summarize the main points of a topic, and provide a solution to the discussed issue. Thus, it is necessary to follow the paper requirements of your professor and take into account the general principles of term paper writing. The primary purpose of public administration term paper is to summarize the information obtained during the term and show that you learn the material discussed during classes. In this way, this type of paper is considered to be a universal tool for evaluating student’s proficiency in the topic. To attain high scores in writing a term paper, you need more than just the desire to get a high grade. 3 Factors Influencing Your Final Grade in Term Paper Writing Organization of a term paper. Is it coherent, logical and easy to follow? Originality of content. Are unique ideas used in a term paper? Is a term paper formatted properly according to the required styles (APA, MLA, Harvard)? As you see every point is essential for your academic performance. It’s time to work on a term paper so that it will bring some positive results. Choose a Topic That Really Interests You and Your Readers The first and the most important part of writing a good public administration term paper is a correct choice of a research topic. There are two possible options for this challenging process: You can choose a topic from the list provided by your professor (if there is any available), You can choose the most interesting and captivating topic on your own from a variety of topics on publication administration. While choosing your topic, be specific and pay attention to the unusual and extraordinary topics that haven’t been investigated in detail. Remember that the topic should be useful in the future for potential researchers who will decide to write on the same topic. Besides, it may be developed in the research paper or even a Master’s thesis by yourself. Choose the topic you are really interested in as working on the boring issue will make the term paper writing process incredibly long and unpleasant. In addition, while choosing a topic, take into account that it should not be too broad or too narrow. Focus on one issue every student may face, the limited timeframes. So consider if you are able to complete the necessary paper on a particular topic within the provided deadline and the page limit. Captivating topics are much easier to evaluate and develop, that is why you should follow a set of rules on how to choose a topic and start the most appropriate of them. They are t he following ones: Brainstorm a range of topics that seem to be interesting to you. These can be your personal opinion on various social and political issues, political controversies, different social problems that you would like to discover, and current political or social events. Next, take a sheet of paper and put down all the keywords and word phrases that come to your mind. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid difficult topics that are usually related to suicides, gun control, and abortion; Look through the general background information that is usually available in specialized journals, magazines, and newspapers. Read some general articles on public administration. Based on a broad overview of the topic, you can develop it by extending or narrowing the related issues; Develop your topic on the basis of the thesis statement. It may be a solution to the issue you want to discuss or a purpose of your paper that should be presented in a clear and comprehensive manner. In this way, the topic should tell the readers about the purpose and meaning of your term paper; Our experts have already passed through all these rules for the best choice of a publication administration topic. Consider the list of topics for your public administration term paper below: Impact of Public Administration on the Reformation of the Welfare System; Advantages and Disadvantages of Lights and Sirens in Various Emergency Service Vehicles; The Impact of Community Law Enforcement on Determination of Societies’ View and Opinion of Various Social and Cultural Issues; The Impact of Net Neutrality on the Development of the Adolescents in the United States of America. Pre-Writing Tips Our Writers Follow Before writing a term paper, you need to get prepared for extensive work in advance, both morally and physically. First of all, nothing should distract your attention. Stop thinking of who like your photo on Instagram or Facebook. Switch off all social sites on a computer if you are going to work on it. Secondly, you need to be equipped with all necessary tools of writing a pen or pencil, notebooks, word-processing software (Microsoft Word, Pages or Open Office), grammar and style guides and the other tools that help you write and write non-stop. However, it doesn’t mean that you don’t need to sleep at all until your term paper is finished. So your main task is to plan your time reasonably so that you will have 7-8 hours of sleep per night. Otherwise, you’ll face the adverse effects of poor sleep that many students experience. It mainly reflects on their academic success according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Do not wait until the last minute to st art writing the assignment just because you won’t have an opportunity to get prepared properly for the writing process. In fact, it would be great if you could work on a term paper for several hours each day. Look at how many stages you need to pass through to reach the final one the successful paper submission: Exploring and focusing a topic; Finding and selecting appropriate sources of information; Taking notes on the obtained information; Outlining the main ideas for yourself; Working on every part of a term paper an introduction, body, conclusion; Revising the final term paper. The most important point of prewriting is to understand an assignment given to you. Look through the description of the task and its requirements as all this is the basis of your paper. From the assignment instructions, you are able to determine what kind of paper you need to write and at what approach, what materials are necessary (be it a journal, periodicals, primary and secondary sources, etc.), what format is required and so on. So read your assignment attentively to be sure that you are in the right way towards the success in writing. Additionally, you need to search for the background information in the library or on the web to support your claims with the relevant facts. While searching for the sources, it is important to take into account that you can use only academic sources like books and peer-reviewed articles that contain reliable pieces of information. Take into account that your term paper should be written in a required formatting style (APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard or Turabian). You can check some samples written in one of the formats on the Internet or ask the instructors to show you the samples available to them. The latter must lend more credence to you. Alternatively, you can order a custom written term paper to see a good example of formatting the text. Eventually, take all the collected information and tools to get down to work in a place where no one can interrupt the writing process that is already simplified. The Basic Structure of a Public Administration Term Paper The structure of every academic paper should follow a particular pattern. It allows the writer to develop a well-constructed literary work and provide the readers with all the necessary information logically. Include the following elements: A cover page with a title. It is a page where you put your name, your instructor’s name, course number, and a date of submission; An abstract. You should provide the comprehensive description of your term paper on this page. Yes, it is a separate but not obligatory page that contains keywords and word combinations relevant to your research. This part tells the reader about the major issues discussed in your paper and why it is interesting or important for you to analyze this particular topic; It is a part of the paper that includes the thesis statement and introduces your topic to the readers. Here, you can tell about the public administration issue you want to discuss and provide a number of possible solutions. Despite a great amount of valuable information, keep the introduction short. In percentage terms, it is average out at about 10% of the whole term paper; Body parts. Traditionally, each academic paper should include three or more well-constructed body parts. Each of them is aimed at a particular question or idea. Every paragraph is logically complete and connected by means of transition words. and develop the issue mentioned in the introduction part. A body paragraph should start from a topic sentence, a fact or a piece of evidence to support the idea, an explaining sentence, and a concluding sentence that grabs the information together and leads the reader to a logical conclusion. It is important to remember that the topic sentence introduces the whole paragraph. It may be considered as a mini-thesis that unites the concept between paragraphs and prepare the reader for a new argument of the author. It is essential to avoid discussing bare facts but to provide a personal evaluation of the topic and some independent evaluation of the discussed issue. That is why you can present here some arguments and counterarguments in order to convi nce the audience with your arguments; This is a part of an academic paper where you should summarize all the issues discussed in body paragraphs, provide solutions (if necessary), and restate the thesis statement. You can finish this final part of the paper with an opening question or with the encouragement of the readers to continue their own research on the chosen topic. If your public administration term paper contains the argument, a conclusion part is the last chance to attract the attention of the readers and convince them to support your claims; Reference list. This is the final part of your academic work where you should include all the materials used for writing the term paper. These are the used articles, books, journals, official reports, and internet pages that should be cited in a particular format and include such information as the last name of the author, title, year of publication, and a number of pages; Additional information. Your paper may also include some additional information like different relevant photos, tables, pictures, and graphs; 7 Proofreading Tips That Help You Out The last but not the least is the process of proofreading. This process should not be ignored by the writers as it allows to correct some mistakes made during the writing process. This is a number of tips on how to proofread a term paper effectively: Check the structure of the paper. It should contain a title page, an abstract page (if required), introduction paragraph, three or more body paragraphs with claims of the author supported with facts and pieces of evidence, a conclusion paragraph, a reference page, and additional materials (if necessary); Double check all the facts and pieces of evidence in your public administration term paper. Remember that all of them should be taken from reliable sources; Read the paper one more time aloud. This easy tip will allow you to hear the written text and find out some irrelevant words and phrases. In addition, this approach is helpful to define run-on sentences and various issues that can not be detected when reading silently; Check the paper for plagiarism. It is not acceptable for the academic paper to include the stolen ideas of the other people. For that reason, all the ideas you have found in additional sources should be cited according to the required format. Besides, it is possible to use one of the numerous plagiarism checkers available online and find out whether the paper contains some borrowed ideas or not cited facts and phrases; Check citations. Due to the fact that the paper should be presented in a particular format, the citations in the reference list, as well as in-text citations, should be arranged in the same format. In addition, the sources in the reference list should be arranged in an alphabetical order; Check the paper for some errors in grammar, syntax or punctuation. To make the process faster and easier, it is possible to use a computer search for tracing miswritten pronouns and antecedents. Use computer spelling checkers that are available online. This method allows to save a lot of time and make sure the paper does not contain misspellings; Make sure the format requirements of your term paper are met. Check the margins, font, font size, and line spacing and make sure these elements correspond to the format required by your professor. Following this easy and helpful guide you will be able to think of the appropriate topic, find the additional information, write a well-constructed public administration term paper, and arrange the written material according to the requirements. Good luck!